Как настроить visual studio code для c windows 10

Как настроить Visual Studio Code для C, C++, Java, Python

Visual Studio Code — популярный редактор кода, бесплатный и с открытым исходным кодом. Но я уверен: каждый из нас, кто пытался настроить Visual Studio Code для разработки приложений на C++, Java или Python, прошел через стадию: “О Боже! Почему нельзя как-нибудь попроще?” Я сам пробовал настроить VS Code пару раз и в итоге закончил тем, что использовал CodeBlocks. 🙁

Прочитав много документации, посмотрев ряд роликов на YouTube и потратив несколько дней на саму настройку VS Code, я пишу эту статью, чтобы все это не пришлось проделывать уже вам!

Сегодня я покажу, как настроить среду разработки для спортивного программирования на C++, Java и Python в VS Code с нуля. Мы также посмотрим, какие расширения больше всего пригодятся, чтобы начать работу с VS Code. В конечном счете, ваша среда разработки будет выглядеть примерно так:

1. Устанавливаем Visual Studio Code

Скачайте последнюю версию Visual Studio Code с официального сайта. Рекомендуется загрузить системный установщик (System Installer), но если у вас нет прав администратора, то пользовательский установщик (User Installer) тоже подойдет. Выполните все обычные шаги по установке и обязательно проставьте все следующие чекбоксы:

Если у вас уже установлен VS Code, но вы все равно хотите начать с чистого листа, следуйте этим инструкциям, чтобы полностью удалить VS Code.

2. Настраиваем расширения

Ниже приведен список расширений, которые нам понадобятся для правильной настройки VS Code. Откройте VS Code и перейдите на панель расширений (Ctrl + Shift + X), которая находится на левой панели инструментов, и начните загружать друг за другом следующие расширения:

1. C / C++ от Microsoft — [Важно] Для корректной работы этого расширения нам понадобится установленный и добавленный в PATH компилятор MinGW. Если у вас его нет, следуйте этому руководству.
2. C++ Intellisense от austin.
3. Python от Microsoft — вам нужно будет настроить Python для работы этого расширения. Загрузите и установите последнюю версию отсюда.
4. Java Extension Pack от Microsoft — [Важно] Перед установкой убедитесь, что в вашей системе настроены Java 8 JDK и JRE и указаны все необходимые переменные среды для Java. Если нет, посмотрите это видео о том, как настроить Java на вашем компьютере.
5. Code Runner от Jun Han — мы будем использовать это расширение для запуска всех наших программ. Для этого необходимо выполнить некоторые шаги по настройке. Мы увидим эти шаги в следующих разделах.

Расширения, перечисленные ниже, необязательны для дальнейшей настройки, но я рекомендую вам обратить на них внимание, посмотреть, заинтересуют ли они вас, и если нет, то перейти к следующему разделу.

• (Необязательно)Material Theme от Mattia Astronio — это расширение содержит множество приятных глазу тем. Вы можете выбрать любую, какая понравится. Лично я предпочитаю Monokai, которая доступна в VS Code по умолчанию, без каких-либо расширений.

Чтобы выбрать тему, нажмите Ctrl + Shift + P. Откроется палитра команд. Осуществите поиск по слову “theme” и выберите опцию Color Theme. Чтобы настроить иконки, можете выбрать опцию File Icon Theme.

Расширения для тех, кто интересуется FrontEnd-фреймворками для веб-разработки, такими как Angular и React:

3. Настраиваем внешний вид редактора

Итак, мы уже установили VS Code и несколько расширений. Теперь мы готовы настраивать среду разработки. Я создал шаблон для спортивного программирования в VS Code и загрузил его в свой профиль на Github.

Перейдите по этой ссылке и загрузите шаблон себе на компьютер. Распакуйте его в любое место по вашему выбору. После этого откройте получившуюся папку в VS Code. Вы должны увидеть что-то вроде этого:

Пройдитесь по файлам main.cpp, Main.java и main.py и посмотрите на записанный в них образец кода. По сути, шаблонный код, предоставленный в образцах для каждого из этих трех языков, принимает входящие данные из файла input.txt и обеспечивает вывод в файл output.txt. Для каждой программистской задачи, которую вы хотите решить, просто создайте копию этого шаблона и напишите свой код в функции solve().

Теперь создадим ту разбивку экрана, которую вы могли видеть на самом первом изображении в этой статье. Эта разбивка позволяет сразу видеть как ввод, так и вывод вашего кода, что делает ее очень удобной в использовании.

• Откройте файлы в следующем порядке: main.cpp, input.txt, output.txt. Порядок, в каком были открыты файлы, можно видеть сверху на панели инструментов. Убедитесь, что порядок именно такой, как указано выше.
• Откройте input.txt. Выберите в меню View -> Editor Layout -> Split Right. Вы должны увидеть что-то подобное:

• У вас получится две группы. Перетащите output.txt из левой группы в правую. Закройте тот input.txt, что остался слева. Должно выйти примерно так:

• Далее откройте output.txt в правой группе. Выберите View -> Editor Layout -> Split Down. Уберите output.txt из верхней группы. После этого вы увидите:

Готово! Мы настроили внешний вид редактора. А теперь давайте запускать код.

4. Запускаем код!

Для запуска нашего кода мы будем использовать расширение Code Runner, потому что ручная настройка VS Code для каждого языка — весьма сложная задача и потребует много затрат времени и сил.

Прежде чем использовать это расширение, нам нужно настроить его так, чтобы оно работало через терминал, иначе мы не сможем обеспечить консольный ввод нашего кода. Эти шаги очень важно проделать в точности:

• Выберите File -> Preferences -> Settings.
• Введите “code runner run in terminal” в поле поиска и установите галку в чекбоксе:

• Добавьте флаг -std=c++14.

По умолчанию Code Runner не добавляет флаг -std=c++14 при компиляции кода. Это ограничивает ваши возможности как программиста. Например, если вы попытаетесь сделать так:

То это вызовет предупреждение: “Расширенные списки инициализаторов доступны только с -std=c++11 или -std=gnu++11”.

Выполните следующие действия, чтобы добавить флаг:

• Выберите File -> Preferences -> Settings.
• Введите в поиске “Run Code Configuration”.
• Определите местонахождение “Code-runner: Executor Map” и выберите “Edit in settings.json”. Это откроет файл settings.json. Добавьте туда следующий код:

Наконец-то всё настроено для запуска ваших программ на C++, Java и Python.

Откройте файл main.cpp. Нажмите правую кнопку мыши и выберите опцию Run Code. Попробуйте напечатать что-нибудь в функции solve(), чтобы проверить, происходит ли у вас вывод в файл output.txt или нет.

Следуйте той же процедуре с файлами Main.java и main.py. Расширение Code Runner возьмет на себя выполнение каждого из них.

Я надеюсь, что эта статья помогла вам настроить Visual Studio Code. Счастливого программирования!

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Visual Studio Code on Windows

Installation

1. Download the Visual Studio Code installer for Windows.
2. Once it is downloaded, run the installer (VSCodeUserSetup-.exe). This will only take a minute.
3. By default, VS Code is installed under C:\users\\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code .

Alternatively, you can also download a Zip archive, extract it and run Code from there.

Note: .NET Framework 4.5.2 or higher is required for VS Code. If you are using Windows 7, make sure you have at least .NET Framework 4.5.2 installed. You can check your version of .NET Framework using this command, reg query «HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\full» /v version from a command prompt.

Tip: Setup will add Visual Studio Code to your %PATH% , so from the console you can type ‘code .’ to open VS Code on that folder. You will need to restart your console after the installation for the change to the %PATH% environmental variable to take effect.

User setup versus system setup

VS Code provides both Windows user and system level setups. Installing the user setup does not require Administrator privileges as the location will be under your user Local AppData (LOCALAPPDATA) folder. User setup also provides a smoother background update experience.

The system setup requires elevation to Administrator privileges and will place the installation under Program Files. This also means that VS Code will be available to all users in the system.

See the Download Visual Studio Code page for a complete list of available installation options.

32-bit versions

If you need to run a 32-bit version of VS Code, both a 32-bit Installer and Zip archive are available.

Updates

VS Code ships monthly releases and supports auto-update when a new release is available. If you’re prompted by VS Code, accept the newest update and it will be installed (you won’t need to do anything else to get the latest bits).

Note: You can disable auto-update if you prefer to update VS Code on your own schedule.

Windows Subsystem for Linux

Windows is a popular operating system and it can be a great cross-platform development environment. This section describes cross-platform features such as the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and the new Windows Terminal.

Recent Windows build

Make sure you are on a recent Windows 10 build. Check Settings > Windows Update to see if you are up-to-date.

Windows as a developer machine

With WSL, you can install and run Linux distributions on Windows. This enables you to develop and test your source code on Linux while still working locally on your Windows machine.

When coupled with the Remote — WSL extension, you get full VS Code editing and debugging support while running in the context of WSL.

See the Developing in WSL documentation to learn more or try the Working in WSL introductory tutorial.

New Windows Terminal

Available from the Microsoft Store, the Windows Terminal (Preview) lets you easily open PowerShell, Command Prompt, and WSL terminals in a multiple tab shell.

Next steps

Once you have installed VS Code, these topics will help you learn more about VS Code:

• Additional Components — Learn how to install Git, Node.js, TypeScript, and tools like Yeoman.
• User Interface — A quick orientation to VS Code.
• User/Workspace Settings — Learn how to configure VS Code to your preferences through settings.
• Tips and Tricks — Lets you jump right in and learn how to be productive with VS Code.

Common questions

What command-line arguments are supported by the Windows Setup?

VS Code uses Inno Setup to create its setup package for Windows. Thus, all the Inno Setup command-line switches are available for use.

Additionally, you can prevent the Setup from launching VS Code after completion with /mergetasks=!runcode .

Scrolling is laggy and not smooth

On certain devices, editor scrolling is not smooth but laggy for an unpleasant experience. If you notice this issue, make sure you install the Windows 10 October 2018 update where this issue is fixed.

I’m having trouble with the installer

Try using the zip file instead of the installer. To use this, unzip VS Code in your AppData\Local\Programs folder.

Note: When VS Code is installed via a Zip file, you will need to manually update it for each release.

Icons are missing

I installed Visual Studio Code on my Windows 7 or 8 machine. Why are some icons not appearing in the workbench and editor?

VS Code uses SVG icons and we have found instances where the .SVG file extension is associated with something other than image/svg+xml . We’re considering options to fix it, but for now here’s a workaround:

Using the Command Prompt:

1. Open an Administrator Command Prompt.
2. Type REG ADD HKCR\.svg /f /v «Content Type» /t REG_SZ /d image/svg+xml .

Using the Registry Editor (regedit):

1. Start regedit .
2. Open the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT key.
3. Find the .svg key.
4. Set its Content Type Data value to image/svg+xml .
5. Exit regedit .

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Configure VS Code for Microsoft C++

In this tutorial, you configure Visual Studio Code to use the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler and debugger on Windows.

After configuring VS Code, you will compile and debug a simple Hello World program in VS Code. This tutorial does not teach you details about the Microsoft C++ toolset or the C++ language. For those subjects, there are many good resources available on the Web.

If you have any problems, feel free to file an issue for this tutorial in the VS Code documentation repository.

Prerequisites

To successfully complete this tutorial, you must do the following:

Install the C/C++ extension for VS Code. You can install the C/C++ extension by searching for ‘c++’ in the Extensions view ( ⇧⌘X (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+X ) ).

Install the Microsoft Visual C++ (MSVC) compiler toolset.

If you have a recent version of Visual Studio, open the Visual Studio Installer from the Windows Start menu and verify that the C++ workload is checked. If it’s not installed, then check the box and select the Modify button in the installer.

You can also install the Desktop development with C++ workload without a full Visual Studio IDE installation. From the Visual Studio Downloads page, scroll down until you see Tools for Visual Studio 2019 under the All Downloads section and select the download for Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019.

This will launch the Visual Studio Installer, which will bring up a dialog showing the available Visual Studio Build Tools workloads. Check the Desktop development with C++ workload and select Install.

Note: You can use the C++ toolset from Visual Studio Build Tools along with Visual Studio Code to compile, build, and verify any C++ codebase as long as you also have a valid Visual Studio license (either Community, Pro, or Enterprise) that you are actively using to develop that C++ codebase.

Check your Microsoft Visual C++ installation

To use MSVC from a command line or VS Code, you must run from a Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio. An ordinary shell such as PowerShell, Bash, or the Windows command prompt does not have the necessary path environment variables set.

To open the Developer Command Prompt for VS, start typing ‘developer’ in the Windows Start menu, and you should see it appear in the list of suggestions. The exact name depends on which version of Visual Studio or the Visual Studio Build Tools you have installed. Select the item to open the prompt.

You can test that you have the C++ compiler, cl.exe , installed correctly by typing ‘cl’ and you should see a copyright message with the version and basic usage description.

If the Developer Command Prompt is using the BuildTools location as the starting directory (you wouldn’t want to put projects there), navigate to your user folder ( C:\users\\ ) before you start creating new projects.

Note: If for some reason you can’t run VS Code from a Developer Command Prompt, you can find a workaround for building C++ projects with VS Code in Run VS Code outside a Developer Command Prompt.

Create Hello World

From the Developer Command Prompt, create an empty folder called «projects» where you can store all your VS Code projects, then create a subfolder called «helloworld», navigate into it, and open VS Code ( code ) in that folder ( . ) by entering the following commands:

The «code .» command opens VS Code in the current working folder, which becomes your «workspace». As you go through the tutorial, you will see three files created in a .vscode folder in the workspace:

• tasks.json (build instructions)
• launch.json (debugger settings)
• c_cpp_properties.json (compiler path and IntelliSense settings)

Add a source code file

In the File Explorer title bar, select the New File button and name the file helloworld.cpp .

Add hello world source code

Now paste in this source code:

Now press ⌘S (Windows, Linux Ctrl+S ) to save the file. Notice how the file you just added appears in the File Explorer view ( ⇧⌘E (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+E ) ) in the side bar of VS Code:

You can also enable Auto Save to automatically save your file changes, by checking Auto Save in the main File menu.

The Activity Bar on the far left lets you open different views such as Search, Source Control, and Run. You’ll look at the Run view later in this tutorial. You can find out more about the other views in the VS Code User Interface documentation.

Note: When you save or open a C++ file, you may see a notification from the C/C++ extension about the availability of an Insiders version, which lets you test new features and fixes. You can ignore this notification by selecting the X (Clear Notification).

Explore IntelliSense

In your new helloworld.cpp file, hover over vector or string to see type information. After the declaration of the msg variable, start typing msg. as you would when calling a member function. You should immediately see a completion list that shows all the member functions, and a window that shows the type information for the msg object:

You can press the Tab key to insert the selected member; then, when you add the opening parenthesis, you will see information about any arguments that the function requires.

Build helloworld.cpp

Next, you will create a tasks.json file to tell VS Code how to build (compile) the program. This task will invoke the Microsoft C++ compiler to create an executable file based on the source code.

From the main menu, choose Terminal > Configure Default Build Task. In the dropdown, which will display a tasks dropdown listing various predefined build tasks for C++ compilers. Choose cl.exe build active file, which will build the file that is currently displayed (active) in the editor.

This will create a tasks.json file in a .vscode folder and open it in the editor.

Your new tasks.json file should look similar to the JSON below:

The command setting specifies the program to run; in this case that is «cl.exe». The args array specifies the command-line arguments that will be passed to cl.exe. These arguments must be specified in the order expected by the compiler. This task tells the C++ compiler to take the active file ( $ ), compile it, and create an executable file ( /Fe: switch) in the current directory ( $ ) with the same name as the active file but with the .exe extension ( $.exe ), resulting in helloworld.exe for our example.

Note: You can learn more about tasks.json variables in the variables reference.

The label value is what you will see in the tasks list; you can name this whatever you like.

The problemMatcher value selects the output parser to use for finding errors and warnings in the compiler output. For cl.exe, you’ll get the best results if you use the $msCompile problem matcher.

The «isDefault»: true value in the group object specifies that this task will be run when you press ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B ) . This property is for convenience only; if you set it to false, you can still run it from the Terminal menu with Tasks: Run Build Task.

Running the build

Go back to helloworld.cpp . Your task builds the active file and you want to build helloworld.cpp .

To run the build task defined in tasks.json , press ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B ) or from the Terminal main menu choose Tasks: Run Build Task.

When the task starts, you should see the Integrated Terminal panel appear below the source code editor. After the task completes, the terminal shows output from the compiler that indicates whether the build succeeded or failed. For a successful C++ build, the output looks something like this:

If the build fails due to not finding cl.exe , or lacking an include path, make sure you have started VS Code from the Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio.

Create a new terminal using the + button and you’ll have a new terminal (running PowerShell) with the helloworld folder as the working directory. Run ls and you should now see the executable helloworld.exe along with various intermediate C++ output and debugging files ( helloworld.obj , helloworld.pdb ).

You can run helloworld in the terminal by typing .\helloworld.exe .

Note: You might need to press Enter a couple of times initially to see the PowerShell prompt in the terminal. This issue should be fixed in a future release of Windows.

Modifying tasks.json

You can modify your tasks.json to build multiple C++ files by using an argument like «$\\*.cpp» instead of $ . This will build all .cpp files in your current folder. You can also modify the output filename by replacing «$\\$.exe» with a hard-coded filename (for example «$\\myProgram.exe» ).

Debug helloworld.cpp

Next, you’ll create a launch.json file to configure VS Code to launch the Microsoft C++ debugger when you press F5 to debug the program. From the main menu, choose Run > Add Configuration. and then choose C++ (Windows).

You’ll then see a dropdown for various predefined debugging configurations. Choose cl.exe build and debug active file.

VS Code creates a launch.json file, opens it in the editor, and builds and runs ‘helloworld’.

The program setting specifies the program you want to debug. Here it is set to the active file folder $ and active filename with the .exe extension $.exe , which if helloworld.cpp is the active file will be helloworld.exe .

By default, the C++ extension won’t add any breakpoints to your source code and the stopAtEntry value is set to false . Change the stopAtEntry value to true to cause the debugger to stop on the main method when you start debugging.

Start a debugging session

1. Go back to helloworld.cpp so that it is the active file.
2. Press F5 or from the main menu choose Run > Start Debugging. Before you start stepping through the source code, let’s take a moment to notice several changes in the user interface:

• The Integrated Terminal appears at the bottom of the source code editor. In the Debug Output tab, you see output that indicates the debugger is up and running.

  The editor highlights the first statement in the main method. This is a breakpoint that the C++ extension automatically sets for you:

  

  The Run view on the left shows debugging information. You’ll see an example later in the tutorial.

  At the top of the code editor, a debugging control panel appears. You can move this around the screen by grabbing the dots on the left side.

  Step through the code

  Now you’re ready to start stepping through the code.

  Select the Step over icon in the debugging control panel until the for (const string& word : msg) statement is highlighted.

  The Step Over command skip over all the internal function calls within the vector and string classes that are invoked when the msg variable is created and initialized. Notice the change in the Variables window on the left. In this case, the errors are expected because, although the variable names for the loop are now visible to the debugger, the statement has not executed yet, so there is nothing to read at this point. The contents of msg are visible, however, because that statement has completed.

  Press Step over again to advance to the next statement in this program (skipping over all the internal code that is executed to initialize the loop). Now, the Variables window shows information about the loop variables.

  Press Step over again to execute the cout statement. Note As of the March 2019 version of the extension, no output is displayed until the loop completes.

  If you like, you can keep pressing Step over until all the words in the vector have been printed to the console. But if you are curious, try pressing the Step Into button to step through source code in the C++ standard library!

  

  To return to your own code, one way is to keep pressing Step over. Another way is to set a breakpoint in your code by switching to the helloworld.cpp tab in the code editor, putting the insertion point somewhere on the cout statement inside the loop, and pressing F9 . A red dot appears in the gutter on the left to indicate that a breakpoint has been set on this line.

  

  Then press F5 to start execution from the current line in the standard library header. Execution will break on cout . If you like, you can press F9 again to toggle off the breakpoint.

  Set a watch

  Sometimes you might want to keep track of the value of a variable as your program executes. You can do this by setting a watch on the variable.

  Place the insertion point inside the loop. In the Watch window, select the plus sign and in the text box, type word , which is the name of the loop variable. Now view the Watch window as you step through the loop.

  

  Add another watch by adding this statement before the loop: int i = 0; . Then, inside the loop, add this statement: ++i; . Now add a watch for i as you did in the previous step.

  To quickly view the value of any variable while execution is paused on a breakpoint, you can hover over it with the mouse pointer.

  

  C/C++ configurations

  If you want more control over the C/C++ extension, you can create a c_cpp_properties.json file, which will allow you to change settings such as the path to the compiler, include paths, C++ standard (default is C++17), and more.

  You can view the C/C++ configuration UI by running the command C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI) from the Command Palette ( ⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P ) ).

  

  This opens the C/C++ Configurations page. When you make changes here, VS Code writes them to a file called c_cpp_properties.json in the .vscode folder.

  

  Visual Studio Code places these settings in .vscode\c_cpp_properties.json . If you open that file directly, it should look something like this:

  You only need to add to the Include path array setting if your program includes header files that are not in your workspace or in the standard library path.

  Compiler path

  The compilerPath setting is an important setting in your configuration. The extension uses it to infer the path to the C++ standard library header files. When the extension knows where to find those files, it can provide useful features like smart completions and Go to Definition navigation.

  The C/C++ extension attempts to populate compilerPath with the default compiler location based on what it finds on your system. The extension looks in several common compiler locations.

  The compilerPath search order is:

  • First check for the Microsoft Visual C++ compilerOpe
  • Then look for g++ on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
  • Then g++ for Mingw-w64.

  If you have g++ or WSL installed, you might need to change compilerPath to match the preferred compiler for your project. For Microsoft C++, the path should look something like this, depending on which specific version you have installed: «C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/BuildTools/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe».

  Reusing your C++ configuration

  VS Code is now configured to use the Microsoft C++ compiler. The configuration applies to the current workspace. To reuse the configuration, just copy the JSON files to a .vscode folder in a new project folder (workspace) and change the names of the source file(s) and executable as needed.

  Run VS Code outside the Developer Command Prompt

  In certain circumstances, it isn’t possible to run VS Code from Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio (for example, in Remote Development through SSH scenarios). In that case, you can automate initialization of Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio during the build using the following tasks.json configuration:

  Note: The path to VsDevCmd.bat might be different depending on the Visual Studio version or installation path. You can find the path to VsDevCmd.bat by opening a Command Prompt and running dir «\VsDevCmd*» /s .

  Troubleshooting

  The term ‘cl.exe’ is not recognized

  If you see the error «The term ‘cl.exe’ is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program.», this usually means you are running VS Code outside of a Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio and VS Code doesn’t know the path to the cl.exe compiler.

  VS Code must either be started from the Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio, or the task must be configured to run outside a Developer Command Prompt.

  Источник